OFDM Technology Introduction

OFDM (正交頻分複用, 正交頻分複用) is a multi-carrier digital modulation technology.

OFDM differs from AM/FM because it can transmit multiple high-speed signals using different frequencies at the same time. The result is bandwidth-efficient use of burst communications amid noise and other interference.

Traditional FDM (frequency division multiplexing) divides the bandwidth into several sub-channels, with guard bands in the middle to reduce interference, and they send data simultaneously. Tuning your receiver to the right station is necessary to watch cable TV or analog wireless broadcasts.

Using interference-free technology makes the use of available spectrum more efficient because guard bands aren’t needed. OFDM systems require much less bandwidth than traditional FDM systems.

OFDM Technical Characteristics

Anti-multipath fading and efficient use of frequency band resources

Based on the cyclic prefix, multipath interference is converted into useful signal multipath reception, reducing the impact of self-coherent interference and inter-symbol interference, and improving the channel’s ability to resist multipath fading. It is particularly suitable for use in high-rise buildings, densely populated and geographically prominent places, and areas where signals are spread.

Efficient use of frequency band resources

OFDM technology uses FFT/IFFT algorithms to transform frequency domain signals, allowing multiple sub-carrier signals to be transmitted in parallel on a broadband channel, thus improving spectrum utilization efficiency. This is particularly important in wireless environments with limited spectrum resources.

Strong resistance to narrow-band interference

In a single-carrier system, a single fading or interference can cause the entire communication link to fail, but in a multi-carrier system, only a small portion of the carriers will be interfered with. Error correction codes can also be used for error correction on these sub-channels. This technology can automatically detect which specific carrier under the transmission medium has high signal attenuation or interference pulses, and then take appropriate modulation measures to enable successful communication on the carrier at the specified frequency.

High flexibility

OFDM technology can adjust the number and spacing of sub-carriers in different application scenarios to adapt to different bandwidth requirements and has good flexibility.

OFDM Feature Products

COFDM Technology Introduction

COFDM is coded OFDM (Coded OFDM). Some channel coding is added before OFDM modulation (error correction coding and guard interval are added before orthogonal modulation) to make the signal more reliable and effective transmission.

Applications of COFDM

OFDM, as a high-speed transmission technology that can effectively combat interference between signal waveforms, is more widely used in the field of broadband mobile communications. Pure OFDM wireless transmission systems are rarely used in actual systems, and are basically based on COFDM technology, such as DVB (數位視訊廣播), LTE (4G), and WIFI.

Early COFDM wireless image transmission equipment mostly used improved DVB solutions, but there were problems such as two-way transmission, 頻帶, 成本, 等等, and it is rarely used in the current market. The bottom layer of common ad hoc network technologies on the market is mostly improved from LTE or WIFI technology.

WiFi technology is mainly used in stationary short-range and common applications. Its pilot subcarriers used for channel estimation are relatively sparse (僅有的 4 pilots under 20Mhz bandwidth). It is not effective in mobile scenarios such as UAV image data transmission and emergency communications. ideal;

LTE is designed for complex high-speed mobile long-distance scenarios, has a high pilot density (200 pilots under 20Mhz bandwidth), has stronger signal recovery capabilities, and is more suitable for areas such as occlusion and high-speed movement.

結論

總之, COFDM is coded OFDM, which adds channel coding to OFDM to provide communication system bit error performance. Our ad hoc network is based on LTE underlying technology (channel coding technologies such as OFDM multi-carrier, convolutional coding/TURBO coding) and is optimized and designed for complex scenarios such as drones and emergency communications.