دليل ارتباط بيانات الراديو

1. Overview of Radio Data Link Series Data Transmission Radio

Radio Data Link self-organizing network(مش) data link radio realizes the centerless long-distance communication between large-scale nodes, all nodes can communicate with each other independently without interfering, supports large-scale dense node access to wireless transmission, dynamic networking and flexible reorganization, supports full-multiplexing communication, the node sends data at the same time it can also receive the data of all other nodes without interfering with each other, and in the absence of the center, it can realize the interoperability of any node and all other nodes in the network. Without interfering with each other, it can realize the interconnection between any node in the network and all other nodes in the case of no center.

Radio Data Link mesh radio supports large-scale node access, multi-hop self-organizing network, -114حساسية ديسيبل, maximum 740kbps effective data transmission rate, 2ms ultra-low latency, which can be used for swarming drones, انترنت الأشياء, data chain, جهاز التحكم, جمع البيانات, الذكاء الاصطناعي, military equipment and other application scenarios.

Radio Data Link has a variety of models to choose from, the functional characteristics of each model is the same, only the working frequency band and RF power are different.

Radio Data Link series data link mesh radio models

نموذج	السلطة RF	Network scale	نطاقات التردد
H400-500mW	500ميغاواط	1024 العقد, يصل إلى 16 القفزات	370~510MHz
H800-500mW			820~ 854 ميجا هرتز
H900-500mW			902~928MHz
H800-20W	20W		820~ 854 ميجا هرتز
H900-20W			902~928MHz
F400-500mW	500ميغاواط	ماكس. 256 العقد, يصل إلى 3 القفزات	370~510MHz
F800-500mW			820~ 854 ميجا هرتز
F900-500mW			902~928MHz
F800-20W	20W		820~ 854 ميجا هرتز
F900-20W			902~928MHz

الميزات

• تكرر: different models support different frequency bands, see models table;
• عرض النطاق: 1MHz/500kHz/250kHz/125kHz selectable;
• Number of nodes and hops: أقصى 1024 nodes up to 16 القفزات;
• Frequency hopping speed:
  • أكثر من 1800 times per second @ 1MHz
  • أكثر من 900 times per second @ 500kHz
  • أكثر من 450 times per second @ 250kHz
  • أكثر من 225 times per second @ 125kHz
• Effective data rate: Maximum 740kbps@1MHz, 370كيلوبت في الثانية @ 500 كيلو هرتز, 185كيلوبت في الثانية @ 250 كيلو هرتز, 92كيلوبت في الثانية @ 125 كيلو هرتز
• Full-multiplexing communication: الدعم
• Air-to-ground LOS(ضوء البصر) مسافة: ≥30km(500ميغاواط), ≥300 كم(20W)
• Centerless self-organized network: support centerless self-organized network, any node of the network is destroyed without affecting the communication;
• Network construction time: في غضون 1 ثانيا
• Wireless transmission delay: الحد الأدنى 2 مللي ثانية
• طوبولوجيا ديناميكية: support dynamic topology, support node joining and leaving, network topology change and deformation can be normal communication;
• السلطة RF: 500ميغاواط(27ديسيبل) أو 20W(43ديسيبل)
• حساسية: -114ديسيبل ميلي واط @ 125 كيلو هرتز, -111ديسيبل ميلي واط @ 250 كيلو هرتز, -108ديسيبل ميلي واط @ 500 كيلو هرتز, -105ديسيبل ميلي واط @ 1 ميجا هرتز
• تردد الاستقرار: ≥1 جزء في المليون
• QPSK modulation LDPC coding
• التشفير: 128-تشفير بت

2. منفذ تسلسلي

The serial port type can be TTL, RS232 أو RS422, and the default shipment is TTL 3.3V serial port. It can also be assembled as RS232 or RS422 serial port according to customer’s requirements before shipment. The TTL/RS232 serial port data bit is 8-bit, the stop bit is 1-bit, and there is no parity check bit. When the module operates in configuration mode, the baud rate is fixed at 9600. When operating in data transparent mode, the baud rate can be configured as 9600/19200/38400/57600/115200/230400/460800/921600. Suggest selecting a baud rate of 921600 when the RF bandwidth is 1MHz;  When the RF bandwidth is 500kHz, select a baud rate of 460800;  When the RF bandwidth is 250kHz, select a baud rate of 230400;  When the RF bandwidth is 125kHz, يختار 115200 بالباود, so that the serial port baud rate matches the air interface payload to avoid packet loss during serial port data transmission and reception. Serial ports are mainly used for module parameter configuration and data transmission.

Our Radio Data Link data transmission radio supports two working states: transparent transmission mode and configuration mode. Users can configure the M0 level of Radio Data Link and the M1 status of the dip switch to put the system in the corresponding working state. When the voltage levels of M0 and M1 are not consistent, the system operates in configuration mode; When the voltage levels of M0 and M1 are the same, the system operates in transparent mode. The M0 and M1 pin systems have been pulled up to a high level internally and are in transparent mode. When M0 is suspended, the M1 dip switch is turned to the C side, and the system enters configuration mode. The M1 dip switch is turned to the D side, and the system enters transparent transmission mode. The configuration mode and transparent transmission mode are switched in real-time without the need to restart the system.

When RADIO DATA LINK is in configuration mode, it only responds to configuration commands and does not transmit received serial data to the air interface. It also does not output data to the serial port when receiving signals from the air interface. In configuration mode, the serial port baud rate is fixed at 9600, مع 8 بتات البيانات, 1 توقف قليلا, and no parity check bits.

When RADIO DATA LINK is in transparent transmission mode, if the received serial data is a configuration packet, perform parameter configuration; If the received serial data is not a configuration packet, it will be transmitted to the air interface, and the signal received from the air interface will be ejected to the serial port.

In configuration mode, only local configuration parameters are supported, while in transparent transmission mode, both local and remote parameter configurations are supported.

3. Number of system users and IDs

The number of system users is the maximum possible number of nodes in the system. It should be ensured that the number of system users set is greater than the number of nodes in the system, and the number of system users for all nodes should be set to the same value to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system.

The ID numbers of nodes within the system must be unique, and the ID numbers of different nodes must be different. If multiple nodes have the same ID number, it may cause system instability or communication difficulties among these nodes. The minimum value for ID number is 0, and the maximum value must be less than or equal to the number of system users.

4. تتابع الشبكات, payload rate, and frequency hopping

RADIO DATA LINK can enable or disable the relay function of the receiving node, and can be set to three modes: disable relay, intelligent relay, and forced relay. The relay control of nodes can be set to different values, which can turn off relay for some nodes, intelligent relay for some nodes, and forced relay for some nodes according to the application scenario.

The relay hop count is the maximum number of hops required by the transmitting node, which can be selected from 1 hop to 16 hops. The number of time slots is the number of time slots that a node can use. For every additional hop, the distance doubles, but the maximum data rate decreases. When the number of relay hops is less than or equal to the number of time slots, time slot multiplexing will not be performed, and the maximum payload data rate will decrease as the number of relay hops increases;  When the number of relay hops is greater than the number of time slots, time slot multiplexing will be performed, and the maximum payload data rate will not decrease with the increase of relay hops. The default value for the number of time slots is 16, which should generally be greater than or equal to 4.

The more system nodes there are, the higher the network overhead, the lower the payload rate, and the lower the system bandwidth utilization. The relationship between the maximum payload rate and the number of nodes, relay hops, and time slots is as follows (ملاحظة: Tables 4-1 إلى 4-4 are data under non hopping conditions): 

Let N be the minimum value of the number of relay hops and time slots.

الطاولة 4-1 Relationship between Node Quantity and Load Rate (1MHZ RF النطاق الترددي)

عدد العقد	Maximum load rate (كيلوبت في الثانية)
	N=1	N=2	N=3	N=4	N=5	N=6	N=7	N=8
1~32	740	277	180	137	110	92	79	69
33~64	720	274	178	134	108	90	77	67
65~128	700	271	175	131	106	88	75	65
129~256	680	268	172	128	104	86	73	63
257~512	660	264	169	125	102	84	71	61
513~1024	640	260	166	122	100	82	69	59
عدد العقد	Maximum load rate (كيلوبت في الثانية)
	N=9	N=10	N=11	N=12	N=13	N=14	N=15	N=16
1~32	61	55	50	46	42	39	37	34
33~64	60	54	49	45	42	39	36	34
65~128	58	52	47	44	41	38	36	34
129~256	56	50	46	43	40	38	35	33
257~512	54	48	45	42	39	37	34	32
513~1024	52	46	44	42	38	36	34	32

الطاولة 4-2 Relationship between Node Quantity and Load Rate (500KHz RF Bandwidth)

عدد العقد	Maximum load rate (كيلوبت في الثانية)
	N=1	N=2	N=3	N=4	N=5	N=6	N=7	N=8
1~32	370	141	90	69	55	46	39	34
33~64	360	139	89	68	54	45	38	33
65~128	350	137	88	66	53	44	37	32
129~256	340	135	86	64	51	43	36	31
257~512	330	133	84	62	49	41	34	29
513~1024	320	130	82	60	47	39	32	27
عدد العقد	Maximum load rate (كيلوبت في الثانية)
	N=9	N=10	N=11	N=12	N=13	N=14	N=15	N=16
1~32	31	27	25	23	21	20	18	17
33~64	30	27	24	23	21	20	18	17
65~128	29	26	24	22	20	19	18	17
129~256	28	25	23	22	20	19	17	16
257~512	27	24	23	21	19	18	17	16
513~1024	25	23	22	21	19	18	17	16

الطاولة 4-3 Relationship between Node Quantity and Load Rate (250KHZ RF النطاق الترددي)

عدد العقد	Maximum load rate (كيلوبت في الثانية)
	N=1	N=2	N=3	N=4	N=5	N=6	N=7	N=8
1~32	185	71	45	34	27	23	20	17
33~64	180	70	44	34	27	22	19	16
65~128	175	69	44	33	26	21	18	15
129~256	170	68	43	33	25	20	17	14
257~512	165	66	42	32	24	19	16	13
513~1024	160	65	41	31	23	18	15	12
عدد العقد	Maximum load rate (كيلوبت في الثانية)
	N=9	N=10	N=11	N=12	N=13	N=14	N=15	N=16
1~32	15	14	12	11	10	10	9	8
33~64	15	13	12	11	10	10	9	8
65~128	14	13	12	11	10	9	9	8
129~256	14	12	11	11	10	9	8	8
257~512	13	12	11	10	9	9	8	8
513~1024	13	11	11	10	9	9	8	8

الطاولة 4-4 Relationship between Node Quantity and Load Rate (125KHZ RF النطاق الترددي)

عدد العقد	Maximum load rate (كيلوبت في الثانية)
	N=1	N=2	N=3	N=4	N=5	N=6	N=7	N=8
1~32	92	36	23	17	14	11	10	8
33~64	90	35	22	17	13	11	9	8
65~128	87	34	22	17	13	10	9	7
129~256	85	34	21	16	12	10	8	7
257~512	82	33	21	16	12	9	8	6
513~1024	80	32	20	15	11	9	7	6
عدد العقد	Maximum load rate (كيلوبت في الثانية)
	N=9	N=10	N=11	N=12	N=13	N=14	N=15	N=16
1~32	7	7	6	5	5	5	4	4
33~64	7	6	6	5	5	5	4	4
65~128	7	6	6	5	5	4	4	4
129~256	7	6	5	5	5	4	4	4
257~512	6	6	5	5	4	4	4	4
513~1024	6	5	5	5	4	4	4	4

The effective bandwidth of the network is affected by the number of nodes, packet length, and packet interval, and may decrease based on the maximum load rate. The actual effective bandwidth is subject to actual measurement.

All nodes in the network share the total effective bandwidth, and the sum of data rates of all nodes in the network should not exceed the effective bandwidth, otherwise it may cause network congestion or even malfunction. The system will intelligently allocate channel resources to nodes.

RADIO DATA LINK supports frequency hopping function, with a maximum hopping speed of 1800 times per second @ 1MHz bandwidth, 900 times @ 500kHz bandwidth, 450 times @ 250kHz bandwidth, و 225 times @ 125kHz bandwidth. The number of hopping frequency sets is the same as the number of network hops. The maximum frequency hopping interval can be set to 64 times the RF bandwidth. When there is interference at any frequency point within the frequency hopping set, the frequency with the lowest interference will be selected for communication.

(1) Center frequency 845MHz, network hop count 2, bandwidth 500kHz, frequency hopping interval 5 times RF bandwidth

The frequency hopping spectrum is shown in the following figure. The network has 2 القفزات, corresponding to 2 frequency sets, with a hopping interval of 2.5MHz. The actual center frequencies of the two frequencies are 845-1.25 and 845+1.25MHz, و هو 843.75 and 846.25MHz, respectively. The system will perform frequency hopping communication on the above two frequencies and select the frequency with the lowest interference for reception.

(2) Center frequency 845MHz, network hop count 3, bandwidth 500kHz, frequency hopping interval 5 times RF bandwidth

The frequency hopping spectrum is shown in the following figure. The network has 3 القفزات, corresponding to 3 frequency sets, with a hopping interval of 2.5MHz. The actual center frequencies of the three frequencies are 845-2.5, 845, and 845+2.5MHz, وهي 842.5, 845, and 847.5MHz. The system will perform frequency hopping communication on the above three frequencies and select the frequency with the lowest interference for reception.

(3) Center frequency 845MHz, network hop count 4, bandwidth 500kHz, frequency hopping interval 5 times RF bandwidth

The frequency hopping spectrum is shown in the following figure. The network has 4 القفزات, corresponding to 4 frequency sets, with a hopping interval of 2.5MHz. The actual center frequencies of the four frequencies are 845-3.75, 845-1.25, 845+1.25, and 845+3.75MHz, وهي 841.25, 843.75, 846.25, and 848.75MHz. The system will perform frequency hopping communication on the above four frequencies and select the frequency with the lowest interference for reception.

(4) Center frequency 845MHz, network hop count 5, bandwidth 500kHz, frequency hopping interval 5 times RF bandwidth

The frequency hopping spectrum is shown in the following figure. The network has 5 القفزات, corresponding to 5 frequency sets, with a hopping interval of 2.5MHz. The actual center frequencies of the five frequencies are 845-5, 845-2.5, 845, 845+2.5, and 845+5MHz, وهي 840, 842.5, 845, 847.5, and 850MHz. The system will perform frequency hopping communication on the above five frequency points and select the frequency with the lowest interference for reception.

(5) Center frequency 845MHz, network hop count 2, bandwidth 1MHz, frequency hopping interval 5 times RF bandwidth

The frequency hopping spectrum is shown in the following figure. The network has 2 القفزات, corresponding to 2 frequency sets, with a frequency hopping interval of 5MHz. The actual center frequencies of the two frequencies are 845-2.5 and 845+2.5MHz, which is 842 5 and 847.5MHz. The system will perform frequency hopping communication on the above two frequencies and select the frequency with the lowest interference for reception.

(6) Center frequency 845MHz, network hop count 3, bandwidth 1MHz, frequency hopping interval 5 times RF bandwidth

The frequency hopping spectrum is shown in the following figure. The network has 3 القفزات, corresponding to 3 frequency sets, with a hopping interval of 5MHz. The actual center frequencies of the three frequencies are 845-5, 845, and 845+5MHz, و هو 840, 845, and 850MHz. The system will perform frequency hopping communication on the above three frequencies and select the frequency with the lowest interference for reception.

5. Interval, الطول, and delay of contract issuance

The bandwidth resources of RADIO DATA LINK are very precious, and each node should maximize the optimization of packet frequency and packet length. Try to minimize the frequency and length of packages. What can be sent in one go, do not split it into two; What can be sent in 36 bytes should not be sent in 40 bytes.

The basic block unit of the physical layer is 36 بايت, and the relationship between the length of the transmitted packet and the channel occupancy time is as follows: (ملحوظة: The data in Table 5-1 is the value when there is no frequency hopping and the number of relay hops is 1 قفزة). 

الطاولة 5-1 Relationship between packet length and channel occupancy time

packet length ( بايت)	Number of basic blocks	Channel occupancy time (الآنسة)
		1ميغاهيرتز	500كيلوهرتز	250كيلوهرتز	125كيلوهرتز
1~ 36	1	0.48	0.95	1.90	3.80
37~72	2	0.86	1.72	3.44	6.88
73~108	3	1.25	2.50	5.00	10.00
109~144	4	1.64	3.27	6.54	13.08
145~180	5	2.02	4.04	8.08	16.16
181~216	6	2.41	4.82	9.64	19.28
217~252	7	2.80	5.59	11.18	22.36
253~288	8	3.19	6.37	12.74	25.48
289~324	9	3.57	7.14	14.28	28.56
325~ 360	10	3.96	7.91	15.82	31.64
361~396	11	4.35	8.69	17.38	34.76
397~432	12	4.73	9.46	18.92	37.84
...	...	...

The minimum transmission delay of data packets is shown in the following table: 

الطاولة 5-2 Minimum Transmission Delay

عرض نطاق القناة	1ميغاهيرتز	500كيلوهرتز	250كيلوهرتز	125كيلوهرتز
Minimum delay (الآنسة)	2	3	4	6

Waveform diagram of data transmission and reception under 1MHz bandwidth: (yellow waveform for transmitting data, blue waveform for receiving data) 

Waveform diagram of data transmission and reception under 500kHz bandwidth: (yellow waveform for transmitting data, blue waveform for receiving data) 

Waveform diagram of data transmission and reception at 250kHz bandwidth: (yellow waveform for transmitting data, blue waveform for receiving data) 

Waveform diagram of data transmission and reception at 125kHz bandwidth: (yellow waveform for

transmitting data, blue waveform for receiving data) +

6. تكوين المعلمة

The configuration package is fixed at 36 بايت, including a 2-byte header, ا 29 byte register configuration, a 3-byte fixed value, and a 2-byte packet tail. Details are shown in Table 6. After receiving the configuration package in the correct format, the module performs parameter configuration and returns the configuration package to the main control device after successful configuration.

الطاولة 6 Configuration Package Details

بايت	محتوى	يصف
1	0XF0	The starting of a package
2	0x58
3 – 31	Register 0x00–  Register 0x1C	Register content
32	collocation method	0x00 represents local configuration 0x3E represents remote configuration Other: دعم
33~34	Remote target ID	The target device ID required for remote single point configuration. 0xFFFF represents remote full staff configuration (IDs will not be configured in this mode).  0x0000 must be used for local configuration.
35	0x0F	The ending of a package
36	0x85

Example of local read command (default parameters): 

F0 58 23 46 8ب 00 10 00 00 E0 3F 0F D3 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6E 02 35 B9 06 03 03 03 00 00 00 0F 85

قيمة الإرجاع: 

F0 58 23 46 8ب 00 10 00 00 E0 3F 0F D3 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6E 02 35 B9 06 03 03 03 00 00 00 0F 85

Example of local write command (default parameters): 

F0 58 63 46 8ب 00 10 00 00 E0 3F 0F D3 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6E 02 35 B9 06 03 03 03 00 00 00 0F 85

قيمة الإرجاع: 

F0 58 63 46 8ب 00 10 00 00 E0 3F 0F D3 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6E 02 35 B9 06 03 03 03 00 00 00 0F 85

Example of remote read ID1 device command (default parameters): 

F0 58 23 46 8ب 00 10 00 00 E0 3F 0F D3 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6E 02 35 B9 06 03 03 03 3E 00 01 0F 85

قيمة الإرجاع: 

F0 58 23 46 8ب 00 10 00 00 E0 3F 0F D3 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6E 02 35 B9 06 03 03 03 C1 00 01 0F 85

Example of remote write ID1 device command (default parameters): 

F0 58 63 46 8ب 00 10 00 00 E0 3F 0F D3 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6E 02 35 B9 06 03 03 03 3E 00 01 0F 85

قيمة الإرجاع: 

F0 58 63 46 8ب 00 10 00 00 E0 3F 0F D3 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6E 02 35 B9 06 03 03 03 C1 00 01 0F 85

Example of remote reading of all device commands (default parameters): 

F0 58 23 46 8ب 00 10 00 00 E0 3F 0F D3 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6E 02 35 B9 06 03 03 03 3E FF FF 0F 85

قيمة الإرجاع: 

F0 58 23 46 8ب 00 10 00 00 E0 3F 0F D3 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6E 02 35 B9 06 03 03 03 C1 FF FF 0F 85

Example of remote writing of all device commands (default parameters): 

F0 58 63 46 8ب 00 10 00 00 E0 3F 0F D3 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6E 02 35 B9 06 03 03 03 3E FF FF 0F 85

قيمة الإرجاع: 

F0 58 63 46 8ب 00 10 00 00 E0 3F 0F D3 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6E 02 35 B9 06 03 03 03 C1 FF FF 0F 85

7. Register Overview

الطاولة 7 Register Overview

عنوان	Register Name	يصف
0x00	Read and write control	RADIO DATA LINK read-write control
0x01	Device mode and baud rate	Device mode and baud rate settings
0x02	Relay control	Relay control settings
0x03	High byte total number of system users	High byte total number of system users
0x04	Low byte total number of system users	Low byte total number of system users
0x05	Local ID high byte	Local ID high byte
0x06	Local ID low byte	Local ID low byte
0x07	RF power and frequency hopping control	RADIO DATA LINK RF power control
0x08	Data caching	Data caching
0x09	Grouping and time slots	Group code and time slot count
0x0A	High byte frequency configuration	High byte frequency configuration
0x0B	Middle Byte in frequency configuration	Middle Byte in frequency configuration
0x0 ج	Low byte frequency configuration	Low byte frequency configuration
0x0 د	Encryption password byte 1	Encryption password byte 1
0x0E	Encryption password byte 2	Encryption password byte 2
0x0F	Encryption password byte 3	Encryption password byte 3
0X10	Encryption password byte 4	Encryption password byte 4
0x11	Encryption password byte 5	Encryption password byte 5
0x12	Encryption password byte 6	Encryption password byte 6
0x13	Encryption password byte 7	Encryption password byte 7
0×14	Encryption password byte 8	Encryption password byte 8
0×15	Encryption password byte 9	Encryption password byte 9
0×16	Encryption password byte 10	Encryption password byte 10
0×17	Encryption password byte 11	Encryption password byte 11
0×18	Encryption password byte 12	Encryption password byte 12
0×19	Encryption password byte 13	Encryption password byte 13
0x1A	Encryption password byte 14	Encryption password byte 14
0x1B	Encryption password byte 15	Encryption password byte 15
0x1C	Encryption password byte 16	Encryption password byte 16

8. Register details

ملحوظة 1: All nodes must have the same RF bandwidth, hopping switch, تكرر, and encryption password in order to communicate with each other; 

ملحوظة 2: The parameters of network hops, time slots, carrier sense, and total system users for all nodes must be the same to ensure that the system does not experience abnormal concurrent data conflicts.

ملحوظة 3: The larger the data cache parameter setting, the less likely it is to lose packets, but the data latency may increase. Set according to the actual application type.

8.1 Read/Write Control Register

اسم (عنوان)	بت	Variable Name	الوضع	القيمة الافتراضية	يصف
Read and write control(0x00)	7	Configuration Save	rw	0	Whether to save the current configuration after power off, only valid when writing the configuration 0=Do not save 1=Save
	6	Read and write control	rw	0	Configure read-write control 0=Read configuration 1=Write configuration
	5	Version configuration	ص	1	0=Low version 1=High version
	4-0	Firmware version	ص	00003	رقم الإصدار

8.2 Device Mode and Baud Rate Register

اسم (عنوان)	بت	Variable Name	pattern	القيمة الافتراضية	يصف
Device mode and baud rate(0x01)	7-6	عرض النطاق الترددي RF	rw	1	0:1MHz 1:500kHz 2:250kHz 3:125كيلوهرتز
	5	Package header Enable	rw	0	Package header enable configuration, only valid in transparent transmission mode 0=Closed 1=Open Please refer to the table below for details
	4-3	نوع الإشارة	rw	00	Signal type configuration 00=Normal signal 01=Test signal 10=Single frequency signal 11=Loop signal Among them, the test signal can be used for power testing. Single frequency signals can be used for frequency stability testing. Loop back signal refers to receiving a signal and then sending it back through the serial port. في هذا الوقت, external serial port reception is not enabled. The signal type will always be a normal signal when powered on, and changing to another type will not be saved.
	2-0	بالباود	rW	110	Serial port baud rate configuration in transparent mode 000 = 9600 001 = 19200 010 = 38400 011 = 57600 100 = 115200 101 = 230400 110 = 460800 111 = 921600

When the header enable is enabled in register 0x01, transparent packets will be added to the header by the system on both sides of the receiver, so that the receiver can distinguish data sent from different IDs. The transparent packets added to the header are fixed at 44 بايت, and the specific format is as follows.

الطاولة 8 Details of Transparent package Header

بايت	محتوى	يصف
1	0xD8	Sync Head
2	0x73
3	0x5A
4	Noise intensity	Noise intensity, ما مجموعه 8 بت, كلما كانت القيمة أكبر, the strongest the signal, with a step size of 1dB. Noise power (ديسيبل)=noise intensity -125.
5 – 6	Effective byte length	Occupy the upper 6 bits of byte 5, indicating the effective byte length of the data portion, with a maximum of 36 بايت
	Sender ID	Sender ID, consisting of 10 بت, including the lower 2 bits of byte 5 و ال 8 bits of byte 6
7	Group code	The grouping code of the current data packet.
	Current number of relay hops	The current number of relay hops is 4 بت, occupying the 7th byte (bit7~bit0) from bit3 to bit0. 0: 1st hop, 1: 2nd hop, 2: 3rd hop, 3: 4th hop, 4: 5th hop, وما إلى ذلك وهلم جرا… 15: 16th hop.
8	signal intensity	قوة الإشارة, ما مجموعه 8 بت, the stronger the signal, with a step size of 1dB. Signal power (ديسيبل)=signal strength -125.
9 – 44	البيانات	The fixed length of the data is 36 بايت, including valid bytes and invalid bytes, with valid bytes coming first

9. Relay control register

اسم (عنوان)	بت	Variable Name	الوضع	القيمة الافتراضية	يصف
Relay control(0x02)	7-6	Relay control	rw	10	00=No relay 01=Intelligent Relay 10=forced relay Representing whether the receiving end is relaying, أين:  Intelligent relay will automatically select whether to relay based on signal quality, and mandatory relay will relay all signals
	5-2	Network hops	rw	0010	Represents the number of network hops required for transmitting signals. 0000=1 jump 0001=2 jumps 0010=3 jumps 0011=4 jumps 0100=5 jumps 0101=6 jumps 0110=7 jumps 0111=8 jumps 1000=9 jumps 1001=10 jumps 1010=11 jumps 1011=12 jumps 1100=13 jumps 1101=14 jumps 1110=15 jumps 1111=16 jumps
	1-0	Carrier Sense	rw	11	Representing the duration of carrier sensing, the longer the sensing time, the less likely it is to cause packet conflicts and the greater the data delay. 00=Do not listen 01=Short listening 10=Medium Listening 11=Long listening

10. Register of total system users

اسم (عنوان)	بت	Variable Name	الوضع	القيمة الافتراضية	يصف
(0x03)	7-2	Frequency hopping interval	rw	000000	0:1 times the RF bandwidth 1: 2x RF bandwidth 2: 3x RF bandwidth N: N+1 times the RF bandwidth
	1-0	2 bits higher than the total number of users in the system	rw	00	The configuration range is 0-1023, and the actual total number of system users is the configuration value plus 1
Low byte total number of system users(0x04)	7-0	Low byte total number of system users	rw	0X10

11. Local ID Register

اسم (عنوان)	بت	Variable Name	الوضع	القيمة الافتراضية	يصف
0x05	7-2	backup	–	0x00	backup
	1-0	Local ID is 2 bits high	rx	00	Local ID configuration, with a configuration range of 0-1023. The ID value cannot exceed the total number of system users, and if it exceeds, it will be automatically limited to the total number of system users. For example, when a system of 100 devices needs to be established, the total number of users in the system can be set to 99, and the local IDs of each device can be set from 0 إلى 99 in sequence
Local ID low byte(0x06)	7-0	Local ID low byte	rw	0x00

12. RF power and frequency hopping control register

اسم (عنوان)	بت	Variable Name	الوضع	القيمة الافتراضية	يصف
RF power control(0x07)	7	Power amplifier switch	rw	1	Internal Power amplifier switch 0=Closed 1=Open
	6	Low noise amplifier switch	rw	1	Low noise amplifier switch 0=Closed 1=Open
	5-4	انتقال السلطة	rw	10	Transmission power control 00=low power(Decreased by 4dB)  01=Medium power(Decreased by 2dB)  10=medium to high power (nominal power)  11=High power(2dB saturated output, not recommended for use)
	3	Data filtering	rw	0	0: Output broadcast group and same group data packets,  1: Only output broadcast group data packets
	3	Frequency hopping control	rw	0	Frequency hopping switch 0=Closed 1=Open
	3	Second pulse output	rw	0	0: Do not output second pulses 1: Output second pulse Pulse accuracy within 1us per second
	0	Dual serial port configuration	rw	0	0=Close dual serial ports 1=Enable dual serial ports

13. Data cache register

اسم (عنوان)	بت	Variable Name	الوضع	القيمة الافتراضية	يصف
Data caching(0x08)	7-0	Data caching	rw	0x3F	Data cache configuration, cache size=(configuration+1) * 32 بايت, فمثلا, when configured as 0x20, the cache size is 1056 bytes. The cache supports a maximum of 256 * 32=8192 bytes. The larger the cache, the less likely it is to lose packets, but data latency may increase. Set according to the actual business type.

14. Grouping and time slot register

اسم (عنوان)	بت	Variable Name	الوضع	القيمة الافتراضية	يصف
Grouping and time slots(0x09)	7-4	Group code	rw	0000	0000=Broadcasting Group 0001=1 group 0010=2 groups 0011=3 groups 0100=4 groups 0101=5 groups 0110=6 groups 0111=7 groups 1000=8 groups 1001=9 groups 1010=10 groups 1011=11 groups 1100=12 groups 1101=13 groups 1110=14 groups 1111=15 groups The broadcasting group can receive data sent by all groups;  When the data filtering parameter is 0, other groups can only receive data sent by this group and the broadcasting group. When the data filtering parameter is 1, other groups can only receive data sent by the broadcasting group.
	3-0	Number of time slots	rw	1111	0000=1 time slot 0001=2 time slots 0010=3 time slots 0011=4 time slots 0100=5 time slots 0101=6 time slots 0110=7 time slots 0111=8 time slots 1000=9 time slots 1001=10 time slots 1010=11 time slots 1011=12 time slots 1100=13 time slots 1101=14 time slots 1110=15 time slots 1111=16 time slots

15. Frequency configuration register

اسم (عنوان)	بت	Variable Name	الوضع	القيمة الافتراضية	يصف
High frequency byte(0x0A)	7-0	High frequency byte	rw	0XD3	Frequency=(frequency value/61.03515625), فمثلا, when configuring a frequency of 845MHz, (845000000/61.03515625)=13844480=0xD34000
Middle Byte (0x0B)	7-0	Middle Byte	rw	0× 40
Low frequency byte(0x0 ج)	7-0	Low frequency byte	rw	0x00

16. Encryption password register

اسم (عنوان)	بت	Variable Name	الوضع	القيمة الافتراضية	يصف
password byte 1 (0x0 د)	7-0	Password byte 1	rw	0x00	Device password configuration, the device only communicates with devices that have the same password, and users can set their own password to ensure communication security
password byte 2 (0x0E)	7-0	Password byte 2	rw	0x00
password byte 3 (0x0F)	7-0	Password byte 3	rw	0x00
password byte 4 (0X10)	7-0	Password byte 4	rw	0x00
password byte 5 (0x11)	7-0	Password byte 5	rw	0x00
password byte 6 (0x12)	7-0	Password byte 6	rw	0x00
password byte 7 (0x13)	7-0	Password byte 7	rw	0x00
password byte 8 (0×14)	7-0	Password byte 8	rw	0x00
password byte 9 (0×15)	7-0	Password byte 9	rw	0x6E
password byte 10 (0×16)	7-0	Password byte 10	rw	0x02
password byte 11 (0×17)	7-0	Password byte 11	rw	0x3F
password byte 12 (0×18)	7-0	Password byte 12	rw	0xB9
password byte 13 (0×19)	7-0	Password byte 13	rw	0x06
password byte 14 (0x1A)	7-0	Password byte 14	rw	0x02
password byte 15 (0x1B)	7-0	Password byte 15	rw	0x03
password byte 16 (0x1C)	7-0	Password byte 16	rw	0x03

17. Common problems and solutions

الطاولة 10 Common Problems and Solutions

Problem description	Cause analysis	resolvent
Serial communication is abnormal	Serial port baud rate mismatch	When the module operates in configuration mode, the baud rate is fixed at 9600. When operating in transparent mode, the baud rate can be configured as 9600/19200/38400/57600/115200/230400/460800/921600
	The working mode is incorrect	Adjust M0 and M1 levels to change the operating mode
	The serial ports TX and RX are connected in reverse	Exchange serial port TX and RX line sequence
	Serial port level mismatch	Perform level conversion (note TTL is 3.3V)